Alphabets:
Katakana - Used for new English words, basically a more boxy version of Hiragana
Hiragana - Japanese alphabet, kind of like cursive katakana
Kanji - taken from the Chinese, 2000+ words in everyday use, very difficult, pictographs similar to Heiroglyphics of Egypt
Linguistic etiology:
Not tonally emphasized like most Asiatic languages, when people think of Asian languages the tend to imitate a tonal wave in their head. This is not at all how Japanese sounds.
SOV vs SVO:
Unlike English the verb always comes at the end of sentence, no exceptions! For example;
Japanese: English:
Ringo wa desu. It's an Apple.
Subject/Object and Verb Subject Verb Object
Polite Tense:
Quite a complex system of honorifics which reflect on the hierarchical natured of Japanese society.Its best to learn polite Japanese and chop it down as you become more comfortable with the language and people.Verb forms and some vocabulary indicate the status of the speaker, and the listener. I've been told foreigners speak Japanese too politely. But better safe than sorry.
Simplification:
Japanese speaker's like to cut down sentences to include many times just an object/subject and verb/ so written Japanese and spoken can be very different. Again, this shortening can be used to reflect the relationship a level of comfort between speaker and listener.
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